Consumer Food Waste Reduction Programmes in Europe – Summary
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Az elmúlt két évtizedben a tudományos közösség jelentős mértékű ismeretet halmozott fel a fogyasztói élelmiszer-pazarlással kapcsolatban. Ismerjük a pazarlást befolyásoló egyéni, társadalmi, demográfiai tényezőket, és számos tapasztalatunk van a csökkentési programok tervezésének, kivitelezésének tekintetében. Az Európai Unió ebben az időszakban az élelmiszer-hulladékok csökkentésére jogszabályi keretrendszert, valamint szakpolitikai programcsomagot épített fel. Az EU célja, hogy – követve az ENSZ fenntartható fejlődési irányvonalát (SDG 12.3) – 2030-ig felére csökkentse a fogyasztói élelmiszer-hulladék mennyiségét [1]. Ennek érdekében a tagállamokat nemzeti élelmiszerhulladék-megelőzési programok indítására, valamint az élelmiszer-hulladékok mennyiségének mérésére és jelentésére kötelezte. Cikkünkben ismertetjük az említett jogszabályi és szakpolitikai keretrendszert. Tanulmányunk célja továbbá feltérképezni a tagállami élelmiszerhulladék-megelőzési programokat, valamint azok célkitűzéseit vizsgálni az ENSZ SDG 12.3 csökkentési cél tükrében. Megvizsgáltuk az élelmiszerhulladék-csökkentés területén zászlóshajónak számító nemzetközi projekteket is. Az eddigi tapasztalatok alapján a tagállamok elköteleződtek az 50%-os csökkentési cél irányában, azonban az összehangolt mérési módszertan, a viszonyítási bázis és a beavatkozási programok hatékonysága terén egyelőre kevés információ áll rendelkezésre. A csökkentési cél reális megvalósíthatósága tehát egyelőre kérdéses. Javaslatunk az EU szintjén egyéni tagállami csökkentési célok meghatározása, valamint a csökkentési programok hatékonyságát ellenőrző egységes rendszer kialakítása.
Downloads
Article Details
Funding data
-
Innovációs és Technológiai Minisztérium
Grant numbers ÚNKP-21-5
References
United Nations (2015): Sustainable Development Goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals
Popp J; Lakner Z; Harangi-Rakos M; Fari M. (2014): The effect of bioenergy expansion: Food, energy, and environment. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 32 pp. 559-578. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.056
Wognum P. N; Bremmers H; Trienekens J. H; Van Der Vorst J. G; Bloemhof J. M. (2011): Systems for sustainability and transparency of food supply chains–Current status and challenges. Advanced engineering informatics, 25 (1) pp. 65-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.001
Popp J; Oláh J; Kiss A; Lakner Z. (2019): Food security perspectives in sub-Saharan Africa. Amfiteatru Economic, 21 (51) pp. 361-376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2019/51/361
Ercsey-Ravasz M; Toroczkai Z; Lakner Z; Baranyi J. (2012): Complexity of the international agro-food trade network and its impact on food safety. PloS one, 7 (5) pp. 37810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037810
Kasza Gy; Szabó-Bódi B; Lakner Z; Izsó T. (2019): Balancing the desire to decrease food waste with requirements of food safety. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 84 pp. 74-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.07.019
Aday S; Aday M. S. (2020): Impact of COVID-19 on the food supply chain. Food Quality and Safety, 4 (4) pp. 167-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa024
Madarász T; Kontor E; Antal E; Kasza Gy; Szakos D; Szakály Z. (2022): Food Purchase Behavior during The First Wave of COVID-19: The Case of Hungary. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (2) pp. 872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020872
Behnassi M; El Haiba M. (2022): Implications of the Russia–Ukraine war for global food security. Nature Human Behaviour, 6 pp. 754-755. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01391-x
Plasek B; Lakner Z; Badak-Kerti K; Kovács A; Temesi Á. (2021): Perceived Consequences: General or Specific? The Case of Palm Oil-Free Products. Sustainability, 13 (6) pp. 3550. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063550
FAO (2011): Global Food Losses and Food Waste. https://www.fao.org/3/i2697e/i2697e.pdf
Parfitt J; Barthel M; Macnaughton S. (2010): Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050. Philosophical transactions of the royal society B: biological sciences, 365 (1554) pp. 3065-3081. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0126
FUSIONS (2016): Estimates of European Food Waste Levels http://eu-fusions.org/phocadownload/Publications/Estimates%20of%20European%20food%20waste%20levels.pdf
UNEP (2021): Food Waste Index Report 2021https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/35280/FoodWaste.pdf
Scherhaufer S; Moates G; Hartikainen H; Waldron K; Obersteiner G. (2018): Environmental impacts of food waste in Europe. Waste management, 77 pp. 98-113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.038
Statista (2019): Total emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the member states of the European Union (EU) in 2019 (in million metric tons). https://www.statista.com/statistics/789024/emissions-co2-dioxide-of-carbon-by-country-eu/
Kasza Gy; Dorkó A; Kunszabó A; Szakos D. (2020): Quantification of household food waste in Hungary: A replication study using the FUSIONS methodology. Sustainability, 12 (8) pp. 3069. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083069
Quested T; Johnson H (2009): Household Food and Drink Waste in the UK. Wastes & Resources Action Programme (WRAP), Banbury. https://wrap.org.uk/sites/default/files/2020-12/Household-Food-and-Drink-Waste-in-the-UK-2009.pdf
Szabó-Bódi B; Kasza Gy; Szakos D. (2018): Assessment of household food waste in Hungary. British Food Journal, 120 (3) pp. 625-638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-04-2017-0255
Diaz-Ruiz R; Costa-Font M; Gil J. M. (2018): Moving ahead from food-related behaviours: an alternative approach to understand household food waste generation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172 pp. 1140-1151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.148
Obersteiner G; Cociancig M; Luck S; Mayerhofer J. (2021): Impact of optimized packaging on food waste prevention potential among consumers. Sustainability, 13 (8) pp. 4209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084209
Principato L; Mattia G; Di Leo A; Pratesi C. A. (2021): The household wasteful behaviour framework: A systematic review of consumer food waste. Industrial Marketing Management, 93 pp. 641-649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.07.010
Amicarelli V; Laigoia G; Sampietro S; Bux C. (2021): Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed food waste perception and behavior? Evidence from Italian consumers. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 101095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101095
Oláh J; Kasza Gy; Szabó-Bódi B; Szakos D; Popp J; Lakner, Z. (2022): Household food waste research: the current state of the art and a guided tour for further development. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.916601
Grasso A. C; Olthof M. R; Boevé A. J; van Dooren C; Lähteenmäki L; Brouwer I. A. (2019): Socio-demographic predictors of food waste behavior in Denmark and Spain. Sustainability, 11 (12) pp. 3244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123244
Ilakovac B; Voca N; Pezo L; Cerjak M. (2020): Quantification and determination of household food waste and its relation to sociodemographic characteristics in Croatia. Waste Management, 102 pp. 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.042
Szakos D; Szabó-Bódi B; Kasza Gy. (2021): Consumer awareness campaign to reduce household food waste based on structural equation behavior modeling in Hungary. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28 (19) pp. 24580-24589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09047-x
van Geffen E. J; van Herpen H. W. I; van Trijp J. C. M. (2016): Causes & Determinants of Consumers Food Waste.: Project Report, EU Horizon 2020 REFRESH. Wageningen University and Research. https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/causes-amp-determinants-of-consumers-food-waste-project-report-eu
Herzberg R; Schmidt T. G; Schneider F. (2020): Characteristics and determinants of domestic food waste: A representative diary study across Germany. Sustainability, 12 (11) pp. 4702. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114702
Falasconi L; Cicatiello C; Franco S; Segrè A; Setti M; Vittuari M. (2019): Such a shame! A study on self-perception of household food waste.Sustainability, 11 (1) pp. 270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010270
Schanes K; Dobernig K; Gözet B. (2018): Food waste matters – A systematic review of household food waste practices and their policy implications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182 pp. 978-991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.030
Farr-Wharton G; Foth M; Choi J. H. J. (2014): Identifying factors that promote consumer behaviours causing expired domestic food waste. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 13 (6) pp. 393-402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1488
Canali M; Amani P; Aramyan L; Gheoldus M; Moates G; Östergren K; Silvennoinen K; Waldron K; Vittuari M. (2016): Food waste drivers in Europe, from identification to possible interventions. Sustainability, 9 (1) pp. 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9010037
Parizeau K; von Massow M; Martin R. (2015): Household-level dynamics of food waste production and related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours in Guelph, Ontario. Waste management, 35 pp. 207-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.019
Stancu V; Haugaard P; Lähteenmäki L. (2016): Determinants of consumer food waste behaviour: Two routes to food waste. Appetite, 96 pp. 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.08.025
Djekic I; Miloradovic Z; Djekic S; Tomasevic I. (2019): Household food waste in Serbia–Attitudes, quantities and global warming potential. Journal of Cleaner Production, 229 pp. 44-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.400
Dimitrova A; Vaishar A; Šťastná M. (2021): Preparedness of Young People for a Sustainable Lifestyle: Awareness and Willingness. Sustainability, 13 (13) pp. 7204. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137204
Lindemann-Matthies P; Hoyer E; Remmele M. (2021): Collective Public Commitment: Young People on the Path to a More Sustainable Lifestyle. Sustainability, 13 (20) pp. 11349. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011349
Thyberg K. L; Tonjes D. J. (2016): Drivers of food waste and their implications for sustainable policy development. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 106 pp. 110-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.11.016
van Geffen L; van Herpen E; van Trijp H. (2020): Household Food Waste—How to Avoid It? An Integrative Review. In Närvänen E; Mesiranta N; Mattila M; Heikkinen A. (eds) Food Waste Management. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20561-4_2
Kunszabó A; Szakos D; Kasza Gy. (2019): Food waste – a general overview and possible solutions. Hungarian Agricultural Research 28 (3) pp. 14-19.
Zamri G. B; Azizal N. K. A; Nakamura S; Okada K; Nordin N. H; Othman N; Akhir F. N. MD; Sobian A; Kaida N; Hara, H. (2020): Delivery, impact and approach of household food waste reduction campaigns. Journal of Cleaner Production, 246 pp. 118969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118969
Leverenz D; Moussawel S; Maurer C; Hafner G; Schneider F; Schmidt T; Kranert M. (2019): Quantifying the prevention potential of avoidable food waste in households using a self-reporting approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling150 pp. 104417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104417
Visschers V. H; Wickli N; Siegrist M. (2016): Sorting out food waste behaviour: A survey on the motivators and barriers of self-reported amounts of food waste in households. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45 pp. 66-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.007
Shaw P. J; Smith M. M; Williams I. D. (2018): On the prevention of avoidable food waste from domestic households. Recycling, 3 (2) pp. 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3020024
Bretter C; Unsworth K. L; Russell S. V; Quested T. E; Doriza A; Kaptan G. (2022): Don't put all your eggs in one basket: Testing an integrative model of household food waste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 185 pp. 106442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106442
European Commission (2019): Communication from the Commission – The European Green Deal. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1576150542719&uri=COM%3A2019%3A640%3AFIN
European Union (2020): Farm to Fork Strategy – For a fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly food system. https://food.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-05/f2f_action-plan_2020_strategy-info_en.pdf
Európai Bizottság (2015): A BIZOTTSÁG KÖZLEMÉNYE AZ EURÓPAI PARLAMENTNEK, A TANÁCSNAK, AZ EURÓPAI GAZDASÁGI ÉS SZOCIÁLIS BIZOTTSÁGNAK ÉS A RÉGIÓK BIZOTTSÁGÁNAK – Az anyagkörforgás megvalósítása – a körforgásos gazdaságra vonatkozó uniós cselekvési terv. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HU/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52015DC0614&from=EN
EU Platform on Food Losses and Food Waste (2019): Recommendations for Action in Food Waste Prevention. https://food.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-05/fs_eu-actions_action_platform_key-rcmnd_en.pdf
EU Platform on Food Losses and Food Wastes (2022): https://food.ec.europa.eu/safety/food-waste/eu-actions-against-food-waste/eu-platform-food-losses-and-food-waste_en
European Consumer Food Waste Forum (2022): https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/projects-activities/european-consumer-food-waste-forum_en
Vittuari M; Herrero L. G; Masotti M; Iori E; Caldeira C; Qian Z; Bruns H; van Herpen E; Obersteiner G; Kaptan G; Mikkelsen E. M; Swannell R; Kasza G; Nohlen H; Sala S. (2023): How to reduce consumer food waste at household level: A literature review on drivers and levers for behavioural change. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 38 pp 104-114.
Európai Parlament és Tanács (2018): AZ EURÓPAI PARLAMENT ÉS A TANÁCS (EU) 2018/851 IRÁNYELVE (2018. május 30.) a hulladékokról szóló 2008/98/EK irányelv módosításáról. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HU/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018L0851&from=EN
Európai Bizottság (2019): A BIZOTTSÁG (EU) 2019/1597 FELHATALMAZÁSON ALAPULÓ HATÁROZATA (2019. május 3.) a 2008/98/EK európai parlamenti és tanácsi irányelvnek az élelmiszerhulladék szintjének egységes mérésére vonatkozó közös módszertan és minimális minőségi követelmények tekintetében történő kiegészítéséről. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HU/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019D1597
Az Élelmiszer Érték Fórum: https://www.azelelmiszerertek.hu
Maradék nélkül program: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/life/publicWebsite/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=5823
Maradék nélkül program (2022): Hivatalos weboldal. https://maradeknelkul.hu/
Maradék nélkül program (2020): 2016-2020 Project Wasteless – Layman’s report. https://portal.nebih.gov.hu/documents/10182/1171081/Project+Wasteless+Layman%27s+Report+final.pdf
Nébih (2022): A Nébih Oktatási Programjának hivatalos weboldala. https://nebihoktatas.hu/
Joint Research Centre (2019): Assessment of Food Waste Prevention Actions - Development of an evaluation framework to assess the performance of food waste prevention actions. https://ec.europa.eu/food/system/files/2019-12/fs_eu-actions_eu-platform_jrc-assess-fw.pdf
Reynolds C; Goucher L; Quested T; Bromley S; Gillick S; Wells V. K; Evans D; Koh L; Kanyama A. C; Katzeff C; Svenfelt A; Jackson P. (2019): Consumption-stage food waste reduction interventions–What works and how to design better interventions. Food policy, 83 pp. 7-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.01.009
De Laurentiis V; Caldeira C; Sala S. (2020): No time to waste: assessing the performance of food waste prevention actions. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 161 pp. 104946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104946
European Environment Agency (2022): Country profiles on waste prevention. https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/waste/waste-prevention/countries
EU Food Loss and Waste Prevention Hub (2022): EU Member States. https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/food_waste/eu-food-loss-waste-prevention-hub/eu-member-states
European Food Loss and Waste Prevention Hub (2020): EU Member States. https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/food_waste/eu-food-loss-waste-prevention-hub/eu-member-states
Van Dooren C; Janmaat O; Snoek J; Schrijnen M. (2019): Measuring food waste in Dutch households: A synthesis of three studies. Waste management, 94 pp. 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.025
Janssens K; Lambrechts W; van Osch A; Semeijn J. (2019): How consumer behavior in daily food provisioning affects food waste at household level in The Netherlands. Foods, 8 (10) pp. 428. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8100428
Zu Gut Für Die Tonne (2022): Németország élelmiszerhulladék megelőzési programja. https://www.zugutfuerdietonne.de/jetzt-engagieren/citizen-science
Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (2019): National Strategy for Food Waste Reduction. https://www.bmel.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/_Food-and-Nutrition/Strategy_FoodWasteReduction.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3
National Commission for Combating Food Waste (2018): National Strategy and Action Plan to Combat Food Waste. https://www.cncda.gov.pt/images/Estrategia/ENCDA_Atualizao-Out2018_EN.pdf
Quested T. E; Marsh E; Stunell D; Parry A. D. (2013): Spaghetti soup: The complex world of food waste behaviours. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 79 pp. 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.04.011
Yamakawa H; Williams I; Shaw P; Watanabe K. (2017): Food waste prevention: Lessons from the Love Food, Hate Waste campaign in the UK. In Proceedings of the 16th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, S. Margherita di Pula, Sardinia, Italy (pp. 2-6).
EU FUSIONS (2016): About FUSIONS. http://eu-fusions.org/index.php/about-fusions#overview-of-work-packages-wp
Refresh (2020): Final Results. https://eu-refresh.org/sites/default/files/REFRESH%20Final%20Results%20Brochure_200225_0.pdf
Strategies to reduce and manage food waste (2016): Hivatalos weboldal. http://www.reducefoodwaste.eu/kezdolap.html